Antonym(s):

• back vowel
• front vowel
• velar vowel

Related Term(s):

• central phoneme
• reduced vowel

Synonym(s):

• centralized vowel
• medial vowel
• mid vowel
• middle vowel
• neutral vowel
• schwa
• shwa

Source(s):

CRYSTAL 200368
TRASK 199667-68
ONISHI 1981105-106
HARTMANN & STORK 1972141
AKMAJIAN etal. 1984116
RICHARDS etal. 1992403
MacKay 1989147, 192 (= mixed vowel)
HOCK 198619
Clark & Clark 1977183
BOUQUIAUX & THOMAS 1992 [trans.]85
MATTHEWS 199750

• CRYSTAL, David. (2003) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 5th Ed Oxford: Blackwell.
• TRASK, R. L. (1996) A Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology. London: Routledge. 
• ONISHI, Masao. (1981) A Grand Dictionary of Phonetics. Tokyo: The Phonetic Society of Japan. 
• HARTMANN, R.R.K. & STORK, F.C. (1972) Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London: Applied Science Publishers.
• AKMAJIAN, Adrian, DEMERS, Richard A., & HARNISH, Robert M. (1984) Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication, 2nd Ed. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
• RICHARDS, Jack, PLATT,  J. & WEBER,  H.  (1992) Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied Linguistics. London: Longman.
• MACKAY, Ian. (1989) Phonetics and Speech Science. A Bilingual Dictionary. Dictionnaire Bilingue de la Phonétique et des Sciences de la Parole. New York/Bern: Peter Lang.
• HOCK, Hans Henrich. (1986) Principles of Historical Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
• CLARK, Herbert H. & Eve V. (1977) Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich.
• BOUQUIAUX, Luc & THOMAS, Jacqueline M.C. (eds.) (1992 [trans.]) Studying and Describing Unwritten Languages. Trans. By James Roberts.  Dallas : SIL. 
• MATTHEWS, P.H. (1997) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Domain:

Phonology